Comparison of the therapeutic effects of medication therapy, specific immunotherapy and anti-IgE (Omalizumab) in patients with hay fever.

Background: Hay fever, characterized by seasonal allergic reactions, poses a significant health challenge. Existing therapies encompass standard drug regimens, biological agents, and specific immunotherapy. This study aims to assess and compare the effectiveness of anti-IgE (omalizumab), medication therapy, and subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) for hay fever. Methods: Conducted as a retrospective cohort study, this research involved 98 outpatient hay fever patients who underwent routine medication, omalizumab treatment, or SCIT before the onset of the spring pollen season. A follow-up was performed one month after the start of the pollen season. The comprehensive symptoms and drug scores were used to evaluate patients with different intervention methods, facilitating a comparative analysis of therapeutic outcomes. Results: Compared with before treatment, the symptoms of patients treated with the three methods were all significantly relieved, and the medication score were significantly reduced. Patients treated with omalizumab demonstrated higher symptoms and medication scores than SCIT group before treatment, but similar scores after treatment, which were both lower than medicine treatment group. After treatment with omalizumab or SCIT, patients in both groups had significantly lower medication scores than the medication group and were close to no longer using medication for symptom relief. The mountain juniper-sIgE was significantly higher after treatment than before treatment in both medicine treatment group and omalizumab treatment group. Conclusion: Omalizumab and SCIT offer superior effects than medication therapy in hay fever patients.

Evaluation of the treatment strategy for complicated allergic rhinitis.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To carry out a comprehensive evaluation of treatment modification for patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) complicated by anxiety-neurotic disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Patients with SAR in the acute stage on the background of anxiety disorders were studied. Immunological studies were carried out, an assessment of the dynamics of indicators of the quality of life of patients, the level of anxiety / depression was assessed. In the clinical group, a variant of therapy modification was proposed. RESULTS: Results: Significant changes in the subpopulation ratio of lymphocytes, an increase in the immunoregulatory index, which indicated the severity of the immunological process, were revealed in SAR patients in the acute stage against the background of anxiety disorders. At the same time, a significant activation of the humoral link of immunity was observed: an increase and a significant increase in IgE in the blood serum and an increase in the content of sIgA in the nasal secretion. In most patients, eosinophilia was found in the peripheral blood and in the rhinocytogram before treatment. In the study of the quality of life of patients, changes in many parameters were found. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The combination of "Nazafort Allergy Protection" and Atarax seems to be the most successful, which significantly improved the physical and psycho-emotional state of patients with SAR, complicated by anxiety and neurotic disorders. This combination led to an increase in the stress resistance of patients.

A Real-World Observational Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of Fluticasone Furoate-Oxymetazoline Fixed Dose Combination Nasal Spray in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis.

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) has shown an increasing prevalence leading to a considerable medical and social burden. Nasal congestion is the cardinal symptom of AR, and the upper respiratory tract is most affected by this long-lasting ailment. Intranasal corticosteroids alleviate nasal congestion, along with other symptoms of AR, but their effect is not evident immediately. Oxymetazoline has a rapid onset of action, but its use should be limited to 3-5 days. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the fixed-dose combination nasal spray containing fluticasone furoate and oxymetazoline hydrochloride (FF + OXY) 27.5/50 mcg once daily in patients with AR in a real-world clinical setting. METHODS: The study was a prospective, open-label, single-arm, multicenter, real-world observational study conducted in patients with AR for a period of 28 days. Patients (n = 388) with a diagnosis of AR were treated with a combination of FF + OXY nasal spray. Total nasal symptom score (TNSS), total ocular symptom score (TOSS) and total symptom score (TSS) were documented at baseline and at the end of study period. The overall effectiveness of treatment with FF + OXY was rated by the investigators as very good/good/satisfactory/poor (4-point Likert scale) for each patient. RESULTS: Treatment with FF + OXY resulted in significant reduction in the TNSS, TOSS and TSS, from 7.18 ± 3.38 at baseline to 0.20 ± 0.84 (p < 0.001), from 2.34 ± 2.29 at baseline to 0.09 ± 0.53 (p < 0.001), from 9.51 ± 4.94 at baseline to 0.29 ± 1.32 (p < 0.001) at 28 days respectively. With respect to effectiveness, the investigators reported very good effectiveness in 52.12% of patients. No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: The fixed-dose combination of once-daily fluticasone furoate and oxymetazoline hydrochloride nasal spray 27.5/50 mcg was effective in relieving the nasal congestion and reduction of TNSS, TOSS and TSS in patients suffering from AR. The combination was safe and well tolerated with no rebound congestion throughout the treatment period.

Efficacy of a Non-Pharmacological Intervention in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Patients suffering from allergic rhinitis seek for several therapeutic symptomatic options, including nonconventional treatments, to control their symptoms. OBJECTIVES: Through the present proof-of-concept study, we prospectively investigated the potential role of Puressentiel® nasal protection spray (SNPA) in patients suffering from cypress pollen allergic rhinitis. METHODS: In 15 adults, we performed two nasal provocation tests, with a cypress pollen extract, with a 15-day interval, with and without previous randomized administration of SNPA, and evaluated a nasal symptom score, the nasal inspiratory peak flow, and the concentration of inflammatory cytokines in the nasal lavage after the procedures. RESULTS: Comparing results in patients challenged with and without the SNPA spray before the nasal challenge, we found a 57% mean decrease in symptoms, and a 62% average difference in inspiratory peak flow, after the use of the spray. CONCLUSIONS: Puressentiel® SNPA is effective in reducing nasal symptoms, as assessed by nasal symptoms score and nasal inspiratory peak flow, and could be a valid natural non-pharmacological option in patients suffering from allergic rhinitis.

Quantifying the benefits of early sublingual allergen immunotherapy tablet initiation in children.

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the upper airway, which progresses into allergic asthma (AA) in up to 45% of children. This analysis aimed to investigate clinical and economic benefits of sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT tablets) initiated early in childhood for the treatment of AR by quantifying the long-term reduction in new cases of AA. METHODS: A Markov model was developed to estimate the long-term effects of SLIT tablets on the risk of developing asthma. Key parameters were primarily based on data from the GRAZAX® Asthma Prevention trial and included the age- and treatment-dependent risk of developing AA as well as annual probabilities of progression/remission in AR severity. Healthcare costs were estimated using data from the REACT study. RESULTS: In a modelled cohort of children with moderate-to-severe seasonal AR initiated on SLIT tablets at ages 7 and 12, 24% and 29%, respectively, develop AA during a 20-year period. In comparison, when initiated at age 5, 19% develop AA. Additionally, initiation of SLIT tablets at age 5 is associated with a total healthcare cost of EUR 20,429 per patient, whereas initiation at ages 7 and 12 is associated with, respectively, EUR 21,050 and EUR 22,379 per patient 20 years after AR diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Initiation of SLIT tablets in early childhood is associated with a clinically meaningful and permanent reduction in new cases of AA and lower healthcare costs among children with AR. This finding supports the clinical relevance of initiating SLIT tablets early for children with AR to obtain long-term clinical benefits.

The Effect of Levagen+ (Palmitoylethanolamide) Supplementation on Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis-A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory, symptomatic disorder stimulated by antigen-specific immunoglobulin E inflammation in response to allergens. Current treatments include the use of corticosteroids and antihistamines to reduce inflammation by preventing histamine release. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is reported to be an alternative treatment, shown to downregulate mast cell activation and increase the synthesis of endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol to reduce histamine and the symptoms of AR. METHOD: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial in which 108 participants presenting with seasonal AR were supplemented with either 350 mg of PEA (Levagen+) or a placebo daily for two weeks. Symptom scores were recorded using the reflective total nasal symptom score (rTNSS) twice a day (morning and evening) for the two weeks, and blood was taken at baseline and week 2. RESULTS: 101 participants completed the study with no baseline group differences. No significant difference was seen between groups for allergy symptoms scores (rTNSS) throughout the 14 days of treatment. A sub-group analysis of participants scoring over four (mild-to-moderate) on the total rTNSS at baseline showed that Levagen+ significantly reduced scores compared to the placebo group. Only 36 participants had full sets of blood taken due to COVID-19. The pathology results showed a significant difference in change from baseline between groups. The Levagen+ group had a significant decrease from baseline in histamine, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α. The placebo group only had a reduction in IL-4. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that Levagen+ can alleviate AR symptoms, resulting in a reduction in histamine and inflammatory markers.

[A MULTICENTER CLINICAL SURVEY ABOUT THE PREVALENCE OF JAPANESE CYPRESS POLLINOSIS AND THE EFFICACY OF SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY WITH JAPANESE CEDAR POLLEN EXTRACT DURING JAPANESE CYPRESS POLLEN DISPERSAL PERIOD].

BACKGROUND: Little is known whether sublingual immunotherapy using Japanese cedar pollen extract (cedar SLIT) is effective for not only Japanese cedar pollinosis but also Japanese cypress pollinosis. We investigated the prevalence rate of Japanese cypress pollinosis, efficacy of cedar SLIT on cypress pollinosis and patients' wish to receive cypress SLIT. METHODS: We investigated a multi-center (31 institutions), cross-sectional survey using a self-administrated questionnaire with four questions for patients received cedar SLIT aged from 5 to 69 years old. RESULTS: 2523 subjects were enrolled for analysis. 83.4% of them had pollinosis symptoms during cypress season before cedar SLIT. In such patients, 37.4% experienced lessened efficacy of cedar SLIT during cypress season. Both the prevalence of cypress pollinosis and the lessened efficacy of cedar SLIT on cypress pollinosis were significantly seen in western Japan as compared to eastern Japan. 76.1% of the subject having cypress pollinosis before SLIT wished to receive cypress SLIT if it is available. CONCLUSION: A lessened efficacy of cedar SLIT during cypress season was broadly seen in Japan, and further showed a regional difference. Together with the finding of high wish by patients, these results suggest a development of cypress SLIT is desirable.

Limited beneficial effects of systemic steroids when added to standard of care treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Intramuscular injections with methylprednisolone treating allergic rhinitis (AR) have a long history. Modern guidelines are designed to dissuade this treatment, but it´s frequently used, especially in primary care. This despite of concern for side effects and lack of modern placebo-controlled studies. This study was designed to evaluate if methylprednisolone, could significantly improve symptoms of birch pollen induced AR and reduce the concomitant use of standard of care medication. Forty-two patients with birch pollen induced AR were randomized to treatment with methylprednisolone (80 mg) or placebo (NaCl 0.9%). Daily symptom- and medication scores was registered for 3 weeks. Quality of life questionnaires Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) and Juniper Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionaire (Juniper RQLQ) were registered at trial start and at the end of the 3 weeks period. The combined symptom- and medication scores indicate that the methylprednisolone treated group [mean Area Under the Curve (AUC) 37.1 (SD 16.2 (95% CI 29.9-44.6))] was significantly better off than the placebo group [mean AUC 49.1 (SD 10.1 (95% CI 44.5-53.7))], p = 0.008. No significant difference between the groups were found in the SNOT-22 and Juniper RQLQ analysis. Registered side effects were few and mild. The limited beneficial effects of systemic steroids when added to standard of care in combination of its potential risk for side effects, speaks against its use for treatment of severe seasonal allergic rhinitis. The lack of difference in quality-of-life further underscores this result.

Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. strain NTM048 ameliorated nasal symptoms in patients with Japan cedar pollinosis: Randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Lactobacillales including L mesenteroides have beneficial effects on human health, including improvement of psychological status and alleviation of allergic rhinitis. In mice, L mesenteroides subsp. strain NTM048 (NTM048) increased intestinal s-IgA. In humans, however, the effects of NTM048 on s-IgA secretion have been unclear. STUDY: This 16-week trial was performed using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group design. We aimed to establish whether Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. strain NTM048 increases the secretion of s-IgA in saliva. Forty healthy adults and forty patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis were recruited. Participants took either 2 test capsules including NTM048 (1010 CFU/day), or 2 placebo capsules per day, for 16 weeks. They were asked to collect their saliva and answered POMS2, a questionnaire about psychological status. The patients also answered questions about nasal symptoms. Blood samples were collected from the patients with Japanese Cedar pollinosis. Stool samples were collected at the start and on the last day of the trial. RESULTS: All subjects completed the trial. It was conducted during the season when Japanese cedar pollen is most scattered. Serum concentration of Japanese cedar pollen-specific IgE was > 2.0 UA/mL in patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis. The amount of s-IgA in saliva was not increased by NTM048 in overall subjects, and Japanese cedar pollen-specific IgE was not changed by NTM048 in patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis. The symptom of nasal blockage was improved by NTM048 12 weeks after the start of trial. post hoc analysis indicated a positive correlation between improving psychological status and the increase in occupation ratio of lactobacillus including NTM048. CONCLUSION: The amount of s-IgA in saliva was not increased by NTM048, but nasal blockage was improved by it. Psychological status might be improved if dosage of NTM048 is raised to the degree that NTM048 might be increased in the intestinal tract.

Evaluation of the reproducibility of responses to nasal allergen challenge and effects of inhaled nasal corticosteroids.

BACKGROUND: Similar immune responses in the nasal and bronchial mucosa implies that nasal allergen challenge (NAC) is a suitable early phase experimental model for drug development targeting allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. We assessed NAC reproducibility and the effects of intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) on symptoms, physiology, and inflammatory mediators. METHODS: 20 participants with mild atopic asthma and AR underwent three single blinded nasal challenges each separated by three weeks (NCT03431961). Cohort A (n = 10) underwent a control saline challenge, followed by two allergen challenges. Cohort B (n = 10) underwent a NAC with no treatment intervention, followed by NAC with 14 days pre-treatment with saline nasal spray (placebo), then NAC with 14 days pre-treatment with INCS (220 µg triamcinolone acetonide twice daily). Nasosorption, nasal lavage, blood samples, forced expiratory volume 1 (FEV1), total nasal symptom score (TNSS), peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) were collected up to 24 h after NAC. Total and active tryptase were measured as early-phase allergy biomarkers (≤30 min) and IL-13 and eosinophil cell counts as late-phase allergy biomarkers (3-7 h) in serum and nasal samples. Period-period reproducibility was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and sample size estimates were performed using effect sizes measured after INCS. RESULTS: NAC significantly induced acute increases in nasosorption tryptase and TNSS and reduced PNIF, and induced late increases in nasosorption IL-13 with sustained reductions in PNIF. Reproducibility across NACs varied for symptoms and biomarkers, with total tryptase 5 min post NAC having the highest reproducibility (ICC = 0.91). Treatment with INCS inhibited NAC-induced IL-13 while blunting changes in TNSS and PNIF. For a similar crossover study, 7 participants per treatment arm are needed to detect treatment effects comparable to INCS for TNSS. CONCLUSION: NAC-induced biomarkers and symptoms are reproducible and responsive to INCS. NAC is suitable for assessing pharmacodynamic activity and proof of mechanism for drugs targeting allergic inflammation.

Allergic Rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects more than 400 million people worldwide, making it 1 of the most prevalent chronic diseases. Childhood AR is increasing, and almost half of patients with AR develop symptoms before age 6 years. Although a diagnosis of AR is associated with higher socioeconomic status, underserved and urban populations have more indoor aeroallergen sensitizations and are likely underdiagnosed with AR, further exacerbating health-care disparities. AR negatively impacts quality of life, school performance, and overall health outcomes. Untreated AR in children increases the risk for poor asthma control, increased asthma severity, and exacerbations. Many patients believe that they have seasonal allergies only but in reality have both perennial and seasonal AR, which may change the approach to allergen avoidance measures and treatment recommendations. Pharmacotherapy of AR has expanded, with many intranasal corticosteroids, intranasal antihistamines, and second-generation oral antihistamines approved for pediatric use. Allergen immunotherapy, including both subcutaneous and sublingual forms, are approved for children and are disease modifying, potentially reducing further allergen sensitization and progression to asthma. Many of the currently available biological therapies indicated for pediatric asthma and/or atopic diseases reduce AR symptoms as well. Children with moderate to severe or refractory AR or those with comorbidities should be referred to allergists for diagnostic testing and expanded management options, including immunotherapy and potential biological treatment.

[A multi-center observation of the therapeutic efficacy of Bencycloquidium bromide in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with predominant symptoms of rhinorrhea].

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of the M receptor antagonist Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray in treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with runny nose as the main symptom. Methods:From August 2021 to September 2021, 134 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were enrolled in the otolaryngology Outpatient Department of Peking University Third Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University and China-Japanese Friendship Hospital of Jilin University, including 71 males and 63 females, with a median age of 38 years. TNSS score and visual analogue scale（VAS） of total nasal symptoms were observed during 2 weeks of treatment with Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray. Results:TNSS score decreased from （8.89±3.31） on day 0 to （3.71±2.51） on day 14（P<0.001）, VAS score of nasal symptoms decreased from （24.86±7.40） on day 0 to （6.84±5.94） on day 14（P<0.001）, VAS score of rhinorrhoea decreased from （6.88±2.06） on day 0 to （1.91±1.81） on day 14（P<0.001）. Rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire（RQLQ） score decreased from （94.63±33.35） on day 0 to （44.95±32.28） on day 14（P<0.001）. The incidence of adverse reaction was low and no serious adverse events occurred during the whole experiment. Conclusion:Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray has significant efficacy and good safety in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Early intervention improves clinical responses to seasonal allergic rhinitis by stimulation in sphenopalatine ganglion (Xinwu acupoint).

OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of early intervention (4 weeks before pollen dispersal) with sphenopalatine ganglion (Xinwu acupoint) stimulation in patients with allergies after the onset of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). METHODS: This is a prospective, randomized and unblinded half-open study. Forty-one SAR volunteers were randomly assigned to either the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) acupuncture plus supplementary acupuncture (SPG group) or the sham-SPG acupuncture plus supplementary acupuncture (SA group) stimulation 4 weeks before the onset of allergy season. The changes of the total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) scores were measured on the first week in the onset of allergy season. RESULTS: Four patients dropped out due to local hematoma and pain in the SPG and SA groups. The remaining 37 patients continued through to the end of the trial. After early intervention 4 weeks before the onset of allergy season, the sneezing, nasal congestion and itchiness scores in the first week of onset time were significantly lower in the SPG group than in the SA group patients ( 0.001). The RQLQ score obtained at the onset of symptoms indicated that symptoms were more significantly ameliorated in the SPG group than in the SA group (0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study confirmed that early intervention by sphenopalatine ganglion (Xinwu acupoint) stimulation can effectively improve the symptoms and the quality of SAR patients' daily lives.

Twenty cases of perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis treated with LumiMed® Nasal Device.

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis is the most common allergic disease, with a prevalence up to 40% in the general population. Allergic rhinitis requires daily treatment to block inflammatory mediators and suppress the inflammatory response. However, these medications may have harmful side effects. Photobiomodulation as a treatment modality to reduce inflammation has been beneficial in many chronic disorders, yet therapy has not been US Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. The LumiMed Nasal Device was designed to address the limitations associated with the treatment of allergic rhinitis with photobiomodulation. This in-office study hopes to show efficacy, usability, and comfortability of the LumiMed Nasal Device. CASE PRESENTATION: Twenty patients with allergic rhinitis were treated during high allergy season with LumiMed Nasal Device. The average age of patients was 35 years (10-75); 11 were female and 9 were male. The population's ethnicities were white (n = 11), Black (n = 6), Oriental (n = 2), and Iranian (n = 1). Patients were treated with twice-daily dosing, 10 seconds in each nostril, for 10 consecutive days. After 10 days, patients were evaluated for symptom relief, device comfort and device ease of use. The Total Nasal Symptom Score was used to assess severity of main symptoms of allergic rhinitis. The sum of Total Nasal Symptom Scores for each symptom category was calculated (total possible scores per patient were 0-9). Rhinorrhea/nasal secretions, nasal congestion, and nasal itching/sneezing were evaluated on a scale of 0-3 (0 no symptoms, 1 mild symptoms, 2 moderate symptoms, 3 severe symptoms). Device comfort was evaluated on a scale of 0-3 (0 no discomfort, 1 mild discomfort, 2 moderate discomfort, 3 severe discomfort). Device ease of use was evaluated on a scale of 0-3 (0 very easy, 1 somewhat difficult, 2 difficult, 3 very difficult). CONCLUSIONS: The results from these case studies indicated that of the 20 patients in this case study, 100% of patients experienced improvement in overall Total Nasal Symptom Score after using LumiMed Nasal Device. Of those patients, 40% brought their Total Nasal Symptom Score down to 0. Furthermore, 95% felt the LumiMed Nasal Device was comfortable to use, while 85% of patients felt the LumiMed Nasal Device was easy to use.

Assessment of a Multispecies Probiotic Supplement for Relief of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Early phase clinical research provided initial support for the use of a multispecies probiotic supplement to improve quality of life (QoL) in adults with seasonal allergic rhinitis (AR) and reduce the use of AR symptom relieving medication. This study aimed to confirm these early phase findings in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Methods: Individuals, aged 18-65 years, with a minimum 2-year history of AR, moderate-to-severe AR symptoms, and a positive radio-allergosorbent test to Bermuda (Couch) Grass were randomized to receive either a multispecies probiotic supplement (total colony-forming units 4 × 109/day) or placebo twice daily for 8 weeks. A mini-rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (mRQLQ) scale was administered at screening, days 0, 28, and 56. The proportion of participants with a >0.7 improvement in mRQLQ was the primary outcome. Participants also completed a daily symptom and medication diary during the supplementation period. Results: There were 165 participants randomized, with 142 included in the primary outcome analysis. The percentage of participants meeting the threshold for a clinically meaningful reduction in the mRQLQ from days 0 to 56 was not significantly different between groups (61% vs. 62%, p = 0.90). However, 76 participants had a clinically meaningful improvement in QoL (decrease in mRQLQ >0.7) prior to the start of supplementation (screening to day 0). Conclusion: Changes in self-reported QoL and other disease severity metrics between screening and the start of supplementation limited the ability to discern an effect of supplementation and highlight the need for adaptive clinical trial designs in allergy research. Clinical Trial Registration: The trial was registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619001319167).

Intranasal Olopatadine-Mometasone in the Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis.

OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of intranasal olopatadine hydrochloride-mometasone furoate (OM) combination in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). DATA SOURCES: The PubMed database and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the following terms: mometasone + olopatadine, GSP301, mometasone furoate, and olopatadine hydrochloride. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Articles published in English between January 1987 and August 2022 related to pharmacology, safety, and clinical trials were assessed. DATA SYNTHESIS: In 2 phase II clinical trials, twice-daily (BID) and once-daily (QDay) intranasal OM demonstrated significant improvements in reflective total nasal symptom score (rTNSS) (BID P < 0.001 and QDay P < 0.001) and instantaneous total nasal symptom score (iTNSS) (BID P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001; QDay P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001). In 2 phase III clinical trials, BID OM showed significant improvements in rTNSS vs. placebo (P < 0.001), olopatadine monotherapy (P = 0.03 and P = 0.003), and mometasone monotherapy (P = 0.02 and P = 0.059). RELEVANCE TO PATIENT CARE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE: OM is indicated for treatment of SAR symptoms. Caution with use must be considered for certain high-risk patients, existing tuberculosis; fungal, bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections; or ocular herpes simplex. Due to its quick and sustained onset of action, OM may be an ideal agent for initial treatment of moderate-severe SAR for patients 12 years and older. CONCLUSION: OM significantly improves SAR symptoms and is a viable treatment option in short-term SAR.

Quail egg homogenate with zinc as adjunctive therapy in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomised, controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: Because most available treatments for managing seasonal allergic rhinitis show some side effects without reducing recurrence, natural anti-allergic products could represent an interesting treatment addition. This study aimed to analyse the efficacy and tolerance of quail egg as adjunctive therapy in seasonal allergic rhinitis. METHOD: In a Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials compliant framework, patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were prospectively randomised to receive mometasone nasal spray for four weeks or the same topical corticosteroid therapy plus commercially available oral quail egg and zinc tablets. RESULTS: Forty patients were enrolled. The mometasone + quail egg and zinc tablets group showed a greater reduction in nasal itching, sneezing and total nasal symptom scores than the mometasone nasal spray only group. A higher proportion of participants in the mometasone + quail egg and zinc tablets group had good rhinitis control than in the mometasone nasal spray only group, with no need for rescue medications. CONCLUSION: Despite the need for a further larger study, quail egg preliminarily appears to be an effective adjunct to topical steroid therapy in seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Emollients for prevention of atopic dermatitis: 5-year findings from the BEEP randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of emollients for preventing atopic dermatitis/eczema is controversial. The Barrier Enhancement for Eczema Prevention trial evaluated the effects of daily emollients during the first year of life on atopic dermatitis and atopic conditions to age 5 years. METHODS: 1394 term infants with a family history of atopic disease were randomized (1:1) to daily emollient plus standard skin-care advice (693 emollient group) or standard skin-care advice alone (701 controls). Long-term follow-up at ages 3, 4 and 5 years was via parental questionnaires. Main outcomes were parental report of a clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis and food allergy. RESULTS: Parents reported more frequent moisturizer application in the emollient group through to 5 years. A clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis between 12 and 60 months was reported for 188/608 (31%) in the emollient group and 178/631 (28%) in the control group (adjusted relative risk 1.10, 95% confidence interval 0.93 to 1.30). Although more parents in the emollient group reported food reactions in the previous year at 3 and 4 years, cumulative incidence of doctor-diagnosed food allergy by 5 years was similar between groups (92/609 [15%] emollients and 87/632 [14%] controls, adjusted relative risk 1.11, 95% confidence interval 0.84 to 1.45). Findings were similar for cumulative incidence of asthma and hay fever. CONCLUSIONS: Daily emollient application during the first year of life does not prevent atopic dermatitis, food allergy, asthma or hay fever.